Who built Great Zimbabwe? And why?
The Great Zimbabwe is one of the historical sites seen in African continent. It was also known as ‘Madzimbabwe’ which means as large houses of stone in shona language. It is surrounded by large stone walls which are about 11 metres high and was built without the help of any kind of mortar. The city stretches about 1,780 acres of land i.e, 7.22 square kilometres of area.
The great Zimbabwe was formed in 11 century AD and was abandoned in 15 century AD. The city during its time had a population of about 18,000 people and one of the important trade center for the locals and connections with other countries such as India through sea route.
Though due to increase in population and issues of sanitation caused th e fall of this great city. The city was divided into three areas which was hill area where the king lived and great enclosure where the royal family resided and finally the valley area where the normal people reside.
Though this city was abandoned but this city played a major role in political scenario of Africa. It was firstly discovered by Europeans in 19 century, where they claimed that this great city was not built by the native Africans and claimed that this city was built as a replica of queen sheba’s palace.
In time of 1960s, the Rhodesia government claimed that it was not made by indigenous blacks but was made by non – blacks. Later when an evidence was discovered which stated that this city was indeed made by Africans themselves. This discovery has played an impact on the nationalist movement in Africa. The soapstone bird structures were also discovered in this region after evacuation. This structure was also incorporated in the flag to show the culture as well as a symbol of achievement of the Africans.
In 1986, the city was officially named as Great Zimbabwe national monument by the UNESCO. It is one of the world’s heritage sites located in sub Saharan region.
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