Conservation of Plants and Animals

What is the purpose of making National Parks, Wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves?

• The purpose of Making National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves is to take care of the endangered animals and plants.
• They try to provide the animals and plants a natural environment.

Deforestation:

• Cutting down trees and using it for any other purpose is called as deforestation.
• Trees are cut to use it for stationary purposes, in the making of buildings, in the making of furniture, for fuel etc..
• Deforestation also happens due to natural forest fires or in drought condition ( Reduction in rainfall leads to droughts).
• Trees are very important to us as it regulate the earth’s temperature.
• Deforestation increases the temperature and thus results in global warming and it also increases the pollution level as trees helps to clean the air.
• Rainfall and soil fertility reduces due to deforestation.
• Deforested area has a high risk of floods as deforestation decreases the water holding capacity of the soil.
• Fewer trees leads to soil erosion.
• Desertification is the condition when the top layer of the soil gets removed and the fertile land gets converted into desserts.

Conservation of forest and wildlife:

• The surface of the earth occupied by living organisms are termed as biosphere.
• To protect our plants and animals or our flora and fauna protected areas are made.
• These protected areas are known as Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves and National Parks.
• Areas where animals are protected are known as Wildlife Sanctuaries.
• Black Buck, White eyed buck, rhinoceros etc.. are some animals who are kept in a wild life sanctuary.
• Areas reserved for wildlife where they can use the habitats are known as National Parks.
• Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life and of  tribals  living in that area are termed as Biosphere Reserves.
• Biospheres helps to maintain the biodiversity and the culture of that area.

Flora and Fauna:

• The plants found in a particular area are termed as Flora.
• The animals found in a particular area are termed as Fauna.

Endemic Species:

• The species which are found only in a particular area and not in other area are known as Endemic Species.
• Species are a group of population which are capable of interbreeding.
• There are many plants and animals which are found in a particular state or country and not in other states or countries.
• Sal is an example of endemic flora.
• Bison is an example of endemic Fauna.

Endangered Species:

• Animals who are on the verge of extinction are known as Endangered Species.
• Tiger is an example of Endangered Species.

Ecosystem:

• An ecosystem is made up of all living and non-living components.

Red Data Book:

• Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered species.

Migration:

• The phenomenon of the movement of the species from it’s own natural habitat to some other habitat for a particular time period every year.

Reforestation:

• Planting trees which are cut down is termed as Reforestation.
• Reforestation takes place naturally also if the deforested area remains untouched.